Tuesday, September 30, 2014

The Laws of Physics in an Animation Universe

            Whether it be for the use of comedic effect or to increase the stakes at hand,  in animation we push physics well beyond what is considered scientifically accurate in order to drive the story forward through a means that provides entertainment for the animation's audiences. The Hub's My Little Pony: Friendship is Magic, is no stranger to bending the rules of physics in order to achieve this. Time and time again the ponies break rules of motion, defy gravity, and of course perform feats of magic.
            My Little Pony: Friendship is Magic, is the Hub's widely successful newest reimagining of their franchise, My Little Pony, and was developed for television by Lauren Faust. Now right from the start of the show we are given some ground rules on how this world of Equestria works. For starters the ponies (and other hoofed creatures) that inhabit the world are sentient and can also produce magic. Unfortunately what is not explained are the physics that work in this world, however we are shown hints at physics equations every now and then like this example which (after some digging around) would appear to be formula describing time dilation at constant acceleration.

             So for all intents and purposes, we shall assume that the physics that exist in this world is to similar to that of our own world. Now enough with back stories, let's get on with identifying physic anomalies!
             For starters, let's look at how our ponies move in this world. And what better way to examine this first than taking a look at one of the most iconic ideas in the world of Equestria, the Sonic Rainboom.

            The sonic rainboom both as it is sounds and described in the show is occurs when a pegasus (a flying pony) is flying fast enough that they break both the sound and color spectrum barriers, thereby producing an explosion of color and sound. The properties of a sonic rainboom are relatively similar to that of a sonic boom in our world. Though one notable misrepresentations is that a mach cone appears prior to the sonic rainboom rather than after.

            This demonstration of super speed isn't just demonstrated through the sonic rainboom, several other incidents occur where characters will exit from screen right and enter from screen left only a mere several frames later. Here are a couple images describing this kind of motion including a shot of the ponies path of action described in the snow.




            Though these kinds of bursts of speed should at least include some kind of stretching that should appear right? At the very least the animators would put in some stretch to help create a feel a realism of speed. Well, thanks to one gravity defying character name known as Pinkie Pie, we tend to see her bend out of shape a little more than what is physically possible. Not only does she bend out of shape noticeably, but in a very cartoon-y manner she keeps this stretchy pose for far longer than only a couple of frames. Ever wanted to see what a pony would look like if they were a giraffe?


            It should be noted that this character proceeds to walking off in mid-air, completely defying the rules of gravity.

            Speaking of defying the rules of gravity, let's take a look at some incidences where these ponies seem to be made of dark matter but more importantly pay little to no heed to the rules of gravity. A case that is commonly seen throughout the show is the pony characters falling, and they fall quite often. There was an incident where one of the characters, Fluttershy, is falling from the cloud layer all the way down to the ground, only to be saved by a swarm of butterflies.
            
            Now, at this point Fluttershy has been in free fall for about 13 seconds meaning that (with a bit of calculations) assuming she was in a vacuum and discounting air resistance, she fell from a height of about 828.1 meters, and by some miracle this kaleidoscope of butterflies were able to produce an equal and opposite force and slow her down gradually enough so as not to exert too much force on her all in a span of about a second. These butterflies aren't exactly very high off the ground mind you, height wise, the highest butterfly in the swarm is probably about the height of a female pony in the show, let's assume the height is 5 feet based off of the average height of a pony in our world.
            
            The most common "mistake" that is commonly used (I believe this is true with many animations as well) is the rules of conservation of mass, where one character launches another to extraordinary distance and/or height with little to know effort. Take these next shots for example.

Off Rainbow Dash goes...
            
            In these images, Applejack launches her friend (Rainbow Dash) off into the distance after only jumping off a ledge that would not be able to provide the amount of energy to launch a pony in equal weight to such a great distance. If anything, Rainbow Dash should have a relatively equal transfer of energy from Applejack and should have at the very least gone up to about Applejack's initial starting point. That is unless we speculate that pegasi weigh significantly less than regular ponies. Though since this is never explicitly stated, we'll have to conclude that this is indeed a gravity defying moment in the show and say that the two ponies weigh roughly the same.
            The last point that I would like to make about gravitational discrepancies in the realm of My Little Pony: Friendship is Magic, is that the Sun and Moon are raised and lowered everyday by pony deities (not to mention that one of these deities was imprisoned in the Moon for a thousand years). This only raises questions about how this world functions outside of the planet's surface. For instance, it would appear that no other none deity takes control of the Sun or Moon once they fall under the horizon, so does this mean that this world exists on a flat surface? What does this mean for their tides? What does this mean about other gravitational forces? What if the deities decided to screw with the citizens and not raise or lower the celestial bodies in an orderly fashion? It has been shown that unless one of the deities moves the Moon or Sun it will stay there until a greater force acts on it. 

            However, while manipulation of large celestial bodies is reserved for these deities, there is still magic all around this world and flows from the ponies that inhabit it. Magic is the last anomaly that exists in this world that vastly differs from our world. I'm not talking about magic where you pull rabbits out of hats or other illusions, I'm talking about things like unicorns using levitation, blowing up mountains and tree houses, walking on clouds, and pegasi having the power to manipulate the weather.



            That kind of magic.
            
            Not only that but there are even several magical abilities that can completely change a character's body structure (such as turning flesh to stone and vice versa), to things like changing a character's personality. You can thank the quick "get out of jail free card" magic known as the Elements of Harmony. However, while these elements do not change the physics of the world to outrageous nonsense, their opposite, Chaos, certainly can. What's more is that this chaos is embodied in a creature known as Discord who can change the rules of physics with a snap of his fingers. He can change clouds into great clouds of pink cotton candy that rain chocolate milk, or have buildings float on their own, make characters float off in mid-air, switch day to night, cups fill up from the top down, any kind of chaotic thing that comes to his mind, he could certainly do it. Can you imagine the implications of this? Like the deities previously mentioned, what if Discord suddenly didn't like the Sun being up and made it so that it was immediately night?

            Though while these are all powerful and physic breaking, there is one power that only appears every once in a while. The power to realize the fourth wall. One character in particular, Pinkie Pie, seems to knowingly break this barrier more often than not, interacting with transitions and such to get the audience's attention.

            In the end, what we gain from all these pieces of discrepancies in physics, is a performance that keeps the audience engaged with the story, taking us deeper by wowing and challenging us. Logic would suggest that we should be disturbed by all these issues, questioning how any of these feats could even be possible. How in the world could a pony break the sound and spectrum barrier without any protection or bodily harm to boot? How can a swarm of butterflies catch a pony that was falling from such a great height? How in the world could a creature change the laws of physics with a snap of his fingers? But we don't ask these questions, because all of these amazing displays push the story forward and entertain us with satisfying visual displays. Perhaps we allow leniency towards animation because we know it isn't real, and all these amazing displays only let the audience fall further into the magical animated worlds before us, because in the end the audience wants to be entertained. The pay off of something drastic is the reward of something completely fantastic and out of this world. In conclusion, My Little Pony: Friendship is Magic pushes and breaks the boundaries that are set by our natural laws of physics engage the audience in order to tell the story in an entertaining way, whether it be for the use of comedic effect or to increase the stakes at hand.

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